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<text id=93HT0617>
<title>
1983: Klaus Barbie
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1983 Highlights
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
February 21, 1983
WORLD
Exorcising Old Ghosts
</hdr>
<body>
<p>Klaus Barbie, the "Butcher of Lyon," brings back the past
</p>
<p> Few Nazi war criminals have been so hated in France as Klaus
Barbie, the infamous "Butcher of Lyon." While serving as head
of the Gestapo in Lyon from 1942 to 1944, Barbie ordered the
execution of more than 4,000 people and the deportation of 7,000
French Jews to concentration camps. His hands were also stained
with the blood of Jean Moulin, France's most revered Resistance
leader, who is believed to have died under torture in 1943.
Twice Barbie was tried in absentia for his crimes and sentenced
to death by French tribunals. But for more than three decades
the Nazi managed to escape punishment and, indeed, prospered in
Bolivia under the alias Klaus Altmann.
</p>
<p> Last week Barbie, 69, was back in Lyon, locked away in Montluc,
the prison where he tortured and jailed thousands. The full
details of his heinous past and his flight from justice have yet
to be told, but when he is brought to trial a third time, a
Pandora's box of incriminating evidence against a number of
French collaborators may be opened. The trial could even
provide embarrassing details of a U.S. scheme to enlist the
former Gestapo officer as an intelligence source after World War
II.
</p>
<p> Word of Barbie's expulsion from Bolivia stunned France. Barbie:
The Ghosts Return, read the headline of Le Quotidien de Paris.
An equally macabre banner was printed by Le Fibaro: The Devils
Exhumed. Even before Barbie's arrival in Lyon, relatives of
some of his victims began to gather in front of the heavy green
wooden doors of Montluc in silent vigil. "I just want to get
a look at his face," said a woman who survived Dachau. In the
end, there was nothing to see. Closely guarded by French
security agents, the prisoner flashed past in a blue armored
police van.
</p>
<p> France had previously demanded the return of Barbie, but
Bolivian military leaders with close ties to the ex-Nazi
businessman had refused. When leftist civilians took office in
Bolivia last October, President Francois Mitterrand's government
decided to try again. This time the Bolivians agreed to
cooperate. In an apparent effort to pave the way for Barbie's
expulsion, Bolivian police picked him up on Jan. 25 and charged
him with fraud in connection with a $10,000 loan from the state.
Barbie immediately repaid the debt, plus interest, but it did
him little good. Instead of releasing him, Bolivian officials
put him on a plane bound for Cayenne, the capital of French
Guiana. When told he had been handed over to French
authorities, the Butcher of Lyon made a gesture, as if slitting
his throat.
</p>
<p> The French government did everything it could to ensure that
Barbie was hustled out of Latin America without incident. The
Clysee dispatched a presidential DC-8 jet to Cayenne to fly him
back to France. West Germany had also sought Barbie's
extradition, but the Bonn government decided to let the French
have him. Cynics were quick to point out that the Mitterrand
government's dogged effort to bring the Nazi to trial could only
win votes for the Socialists in the French municipal elections
set for next month.
</p>
<p> Barbie's arrest was particularly gratifying to Serge and Beate
Klarsfeld, a French lawyer and his German-born wife who have
specialized in tracking down Nazi criminals. When a Munich
court tried to close the Barbie case in 1971, Beate Klarsfeld
launched an international protest campaign that eventually
turned up information on the missing SS man's whereabouts in
Latin America. Largely on the basis of new evidence from the
Klarsfelds, Lyon Magistrate Christian Riss decided to reopen the
Barbie dossier in February 1982. This was necessary because his
1947 and 1954 convictions had lapsed as a result of France's
20-year statute of limitations on war crimes. Last November,
Riss officially indicted the onetime Gestapo captain for "crimes
against humanity," giving the Mitterrand government legal ground
for going after Barbie.
</p>
<p> During their investigation, the Klarsfelds also concluded that
Barbie might have had links to U.S. Intelligence in the years
after the war. Because the Americans were using the Gestapo man
to glean information on operations in Soviet-controlled areas,
they allegedly refused to turn him over to French security.
Erhard Dabringhaus, a language professor at Detroit's Wayne
State University, worked for Army counterintelligence in 1948,
and claims that he was ordered to find Barbie a safe house in
Germany and pay him $1,700 a month, a sum that went a long way
in postwar Europe, for his intelligence reports. When
Dabringhaus found out about Barbie's checkered past, he informed
his superiors. Says he: "They told me to forget it for now.
When he was no longer useful, they would deal with him." They
never did. In 1951 Barbie turned up in Genoa, Italy, before
escaping to Bolivia with documents issued by the International
Committee of the Red Cross.
</p>
<p> More details are bound to come to light when the trial begins
next year. Because of the statute of limitations much of the
evidence presented previously will be inadmissible this time in
court. But prosecutors have compiled a full dossier for his new
trial. He will probably be charged with rounding up and
shooting railway employees in Oullins, outside of Lyon, and
organizing a police raid in which 86 Jews were arrested. The
most poignant case against him centers on the deportation of 41
Jewish orphans, aged 3 to 13, from the village of Izieux to the
Auschwitz death camp. If convicted, however, Barbie will escape
the guillotine, since France abolished the death penalty in
1981.
</p>
<p> The Barbie trial could prove a long and lacerating experience
for a nation that has still not fully come to terms with its
wartime past, especially if Barbie should begin to give the
names of Frenchmen who collaborated with him. Says Lyon
Newspaper Editor Bernard Villeneuve: "For France, this affair
will be an exorcism. This has marked our political life for 40
years. While I do not want to deny the past, I do think that
my generation is tired. They would like to put it behind them
once and for all." It might not prove so easy. The Butcher of
Lyon can no longer imprison and torture, but he still has the
means to make France suffer.
</p>
<p>-- By John Kohan. Reported by William Blaylock/Paris and Tala
Skari/Lyon</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>